7.1 KiB
Table of Contents
Chapter 3 - Line
Goals:
- Distinguish among outline, contour, and implied line
- Line is used to indicate the edge of a two-dimensional shape or a three-dimensional form
- Contour line is the perceived line that marks the border of an object in space
- Describe the different qualities that lines might possess
- Line can also possess intellectual, emotional, and expressive qualities
- Linear arrangements that emphasize the horizontal and vertical tend to possess an architectural stability
- Expressive lines inspire the viewer's instinctive reactions
Varieties of Line
Goal:
- What are the differences between outline, contour, and implied line?
Outline and Contour Line
- Line indicates the edge of a two- or three-dimensional form
- A shape can be indicated by means of an outline, usually used to emphasive flatness of a shape
- Contour lines from the outer edge of a three-dimensional shape and suggest its volume, its recession or projection
in space
- Perceived line that marks the border of an object in space
Implied Line
- An implied line is a line where no continuous mark connects one point to another, but where the connection is visually suggested
- Line of sight is (where figures are looking) is often an implied line
- Implied line can serve to create a sense of directional movement and force
Qualities of Line
Goal:
- Whata re the different qualities that lines might possess?
Expressive Qualities of Line
- Expressive lines express the emotion, the feelings of the artist
- Vincent van Gogh uses expressive lines
- Impasto is building up paint in thick strokes such that they possess a "body" of their own, almost sculptural materiality
- A Lewitt painting is not the actual painting, but the instructions to make a Lewitt painting
- Vanitas paintings are paintings that are a reminder that the pleasurable things in life inevitably fade
Line Orientation
- Creating hard angles with lines by using a grid of parallels or other such methods we can make a work more mathematical and analytical
- Creating more flowing lines can make a painting more emotional and give it a sense of energy and a dynamic quality
Chapter 4 - Shape and Space
Goals:
-
Differentiate between shape and mass
- A shape is a two-dimensional area, whose boundaries can be measured in height and width
- A mass, or form, is a solid that occupies a three-dimensional volume
- Positive shapes are the predominant shape that occupies our view
- Negative shapes are shapes that are cut out of positive shapes
- Negative spaces are empty spaces that acquire a sense of volume and form by means of the outline or frame that surrounds them
-
Describe how three-dimensional space is represented on a flat surface using perspective
- A sense of depth, or three dimensions, can be achieved by means of illusion on a flat surface
- A vanishing point is when lines recede to a single point on the viewer's horizon
- Two-point linear perspective is when there are two vanishing points in a composition
- Monocular vision is where your vision extrudes from a single point
- Binocular vision is where your vision comes from two points
-
Explain why modern artists have challenged the means of representing three dimensions on two-dimensional surfaces
- Normal perspectives, to modern artists, are considered to be giving a false sense of order
-
A shape is a two-dimensional area -- that is, its boundaries can be measured in terms of height and width
-
Perspective is a system that allows the picture plane -- the flat surface of the canvas -- to function as a window through which a specific scene is presented the viewer
Shape and Mass
Goal:
-
How does shape differ from mass?
-
The figure-ground relationship is the visual relationship between a composition's foreground and background, between the object and the space it occupies. Figure-ground relationships also refer to illusion of making design elements appear to move forward or recede.
-
Positive shapes are shapes that dominate our attention and are predominant in a given scene
-
Negative shapes are shapes that are implied (basically cut out from more predominant shapes)
-
A mass or form is a solid that occupies a three-dimensional volume
Negative Space
- Negative Space is empty space that acquires a sense of volume and form by means of the outline or frame that surrounds it
Representing Three-Dimensional Space in Two Dimensions
Goal:
-
How do artists use perspective to represent three-dimensional space?
-
To create a sense of depth artists must rely on some form of visual illusion
- Consider, for instance, that we recognize that objects close to us appear larger than objects farther away, so the juxtaposition of a large and a small object creates space between them
- Overlapping images also create the illusion that one object is in front of the other in space
- Creating a shadow can also supply a visual cue as to a figure's dimensionality
Linear Perspective
-
One-point linear perspective is when lines are drawn on a picture plane in such a way as to represent parallel lines receding to a single point on the viewer's horizon, called the vanishing point
-
The viewer's vantage point is where the viewer is positioned
-
When the vanishing point is directly across from the viewer's vantage pint the recession is said to be frontal
-
When the vanishing point is to one side or the other, the recession is said to be diagonal
-
Two-point linear perspective is when there are two vanishing points in a composition
Distortions of Space and Foreshortening
- Foreshortening is when the dimensions of closer extremities are adjusted in order to make up for the distortion created by the point of view
Modern Experiments and New Dimensions
Goal:
- Why have modern artists challenged the means of representing three dimensions on two-dimensional surfaces?
Experiments in Photographic Space
- Flattening space by Paul Strand in taking a bird eye's view photo from a plane of New York
- Seeing how shadows work in Abstraction, Porch Shadows
Experiments with Space in Painting
- Complete removal of the third dimension -- extreme flattening to draw attention to elements of composition instead of its representation of reality
Digital Space
- Turning of art into Video Games -- Long March: Restart for example
Chapter 5 - Light and Color
Goals:
- Describe the ways in which artists use light to represent space and model form
- Outline the principles of color theory, and describe the different sorts of color schemes that artists might employ
- Explain how color might be used both in representational painting and as a symbolic tool
Light
Goal:
- How do artists use light to represent space and model form?
Atmospheric Perspective
- Atmospheric perspective or Aerial perspective state the quality of the atmosphere (haze and relative humidity)
between large objects and us changes their appearance
- Objects farther away appear less distinct and more distinct when viewed from closer up